Hi brainy folks, Apoptosis is programmed cell death. It is natural process required for growth as well as maintenance of healthy state. It is mostly physiological where elimination of unwanted, old or self-reactive cell happens. Apoptosis requires ATP and the absence of inflammation is very characteristic feature differentiating it from Necrosis. Apoptosis means “falling off” […]
Post Type Archives: Topics
Necrosis VS Apoptosis, six major differences
Necrosis VS Apoptosis, visual maps and quick details on 6 major differences in cell death by necrosis and apoptosis for basic pathology knowledge. In this week I will post about cell death and adaptations. Hope u enjoy reading these main differences, and subscribe for updates. … … … Necrosis VS Apoptosis There are 6 major […]
Kartagener syndrome where cilia doesn’t move
Engaging illustrations and quick review points for kartagener syndrome.
Congenital Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS)
Congenital Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS) is the idiopathic thickening of gastric pyloric musculature which later results in progressive gastric outlet obstruction. … … Clinical presentation Symptoms typically clinically manifests between 6 to 12 weeks of age. The presentation is typical with non-bilious projectile vomiting. The hypertrophied pylorus is palpated as an olive-sized mass in the […]
Mucociliary clearance
Mucociliary clearance is a significant innate defense mechanism against inhaled microbes and irritants. When we breath, inhaled particles such as dust and bacteria enter the airways and are constant threat causing inflammation and infection. The function of the cilia in the respiratory tract is to beat in a synchronized manner propelling mucus and substances trapped […]
Alkaptonuria aka black urine disease
Hi brainy folks, Alkaptonuria is also called black urine disease and this feature is present from birth. Over time child develops other signs and symptoms. Alkaptonuria is autosomal recessive inborn error of protein metabolism which affects phenylalanine and tyrosine degradation pathway. … It results from absence of enzyme HGD (Homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase), defect of which […]
Kussmaul Sign and inspiration
Hi brainy folks, Kussmaul Sign is a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure (JVP) on inspiration, or a failure in the fall of the JVP along with inspiration. It is seen in heart disease with limited right ventricular filling due to right heart dysfunction. What happens normally- when there is inspiration there is negative intrathoracic […]
Multiple Sclerosis
Hi brainy folks, Multiple Sclerosis is Autoimmune disease where myelin is destroyed by CD8 T cells and macrophages. Myelin degeneration affects signal transduction in affected area of brain and spinal cord. Symptoms vary according to the area affected. There are major symptoms and signs which are depicted in visual maps below. LOVDIP Uhthoff in multiple […]
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Hi brainy folks, DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) is a condition where early diagnosis and prompt treatment can be life saving. Decoding DIC today 😊…. disseminated (all over the place) intravascular (within the blood vessels) coagulation (blood clots). What are the causes? Release of tissue factor is first step of coagulation cascade initiation. There are four […]
Schatzki Ring
Hi brainy folks, Schatzki ring is a narrowing of the lower esophagus that can cause dysphagia. Dysphagia means difficulty in swallowing. The Schatzki ring is a small tissue fold that partially blocks the esophagus, leading to the dysphagia. Hope you enjoy visual maps … have fun !! 😍🥰 Doctors aren’t sure what exactly causes a […]