Erb’s Palsy: Waiter’s tip deformity
Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to brachial plexus upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These injuries arise most commonly from shoulder dystocia during a difficult birth.
In an abnormal or difficult childbirth, if the infant's head and neck are pulled toward the side at the same time as the shoulders pass through the birth canal it can cause excessive pulling or stretching of brachial plexus upper trunk. The degree of stretch or tear decides severity of nerve damage.
Risk factors
- large for gestational age
- shoulder dystocia
- forceps delivery
- breech presentation
- prolonged labor
Presentation
infant is unable to move affected upper extremity
Waiter's tip deformity is seen
- arm is adducted and internally rotated
- forearm is pronated and elbow is extended
Treatment
Most cases of Erb's palsy will resolve with conservative management like physiotherapy and muscle toning. Complete recovery may take up to 2-3 years.
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Revision for today https://creativemeddoses.com/topics-list/heart-failure-left-sided-vs-right-sided/
Further reading https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724163/
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