Arteriovenous fistula in renal biopsy
Arteriovenous fistula in renal biopsy is a rare complication of percutaneous renal biopsy.
If the nearby blood vessels (arteries/veins) are injured during the renal biopsy procedures, an anatomical connection between the artery and vein can be formed, known as an arteriovenous fistula.
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These connections are usually small, often remain asymptomatic, and resolve spontaneously with time.
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Rarely, large A-V fistulas are formed and cause the following symptoms
- Hematuria (blood in urine)
- Drop in the blood pressure
- High-output cardiac failure
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Management
Small fistula – observation and follow-up
Larger symptomatic fistula
- Embolization to close A-V fistula
- Arterial ligation
- Nephrectomy in rare cases
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